Contents of International Review of Ideology, Issue 3, 2024
The contribution and historical significance of Xi Jinping's important expositions on poverty alleviation are a significant theoretical achievement in the Sinicization of Marxism. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1], the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has placed poverty alleviation in a prominent position in its governance of the country. This effort has led to the successful resolution of absolute poverty—a problem that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years—creating a "miracle" in the history of human poverty reduction. These expositions consist of a series of new ideas, new thinking, and new strategies that enrich the Marxist theory of poverty [2]. They not only inherit and develop the socialist essence of "common prosperity" but also respond to the people's "original aspiration and founding mission." From the perspective of historical materialism, these expositions clarify that the elimination of poverty is an inherent requirement of socialism and provide a Chinese program [3] for the global cause of poverty reduction.
In the New Era, the CPC's century-long fight against poverty has entered a new historical stage. By analyzing the process and characteristics of this struggle, we can see that it transitions from "relief-style" poverty alleviation to "development-style" poverty alleviation, and finally to "targeted" poverty alleviation [4]. This movement reflects the dynamic adjustment of the relations of production to better suit the level of the productive forces. Looking ahead, the focus of the anti-poverty battle is shifting toward effectively connecting the consolidation of poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization [5]. This persistent effort, characterized by the need to "persist over the long term," aims to prevent any large-scale return to poverty and to ensure that the fruits of high-quality development are shared by all.
The historic success in eradicating absolute poverty cannot be understood without an institutional analysis rooted in political economy. Unlike the capital-logic [6] prevalent in Western developmental models, China's success relies on the socialist market economy’s ability to mobilize resources through the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan" and the "Four Comprehensives." The institutional guarantee of the Party's leadership ensures that the "mass line" is implemented at the grassroots level, transforming the political advantage of the socialist system into administrative efficiency. The intellectual impetus provided by these scientific theories has fostered a "political ecosystem" conducive to sustainable development, proving that "Chinese-path modernization" offers a viable alternative to the modernization paths of the West.
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