Marxism Research Network
Unofficial English Translation

Style Guide for References in International Review of Thought

Journals & Yearbooks

For comprehensive information regarding this citation style, please refer to the Chicago Manual of Style [1] (16th edition) or visit http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html (select the "author-date" tab to ensure the correct format is utilized).

Guide Contents

  • In-text citations
  • Tables and figures
  • Reference list
    • Books
    • Journals
    • Conferences
    • Theses
    • Unpublished works
    • Internet sources
    • Newspapers or magazines
    • Reports
    • Personal communications
    • Other reference types

In-text Citations

Placement

Sources are cited within the text, typically in parentheses, using the author’s surname, the year of publication, and a page number if applicable. Complete bibliographic details must be provided in the reference list (under the heading "References"). Place the citation at the appropriate point in the text, usually immediately preceding punctuation. If the author’s name is already mentioned in the narrative, it is unnecessary to repeat it in the parentheses; however, the publication date should follow the name immediately:

  • Jones and Green (2012, 50) performed significant work on this subject.
  • Khan’s (2012) research is of great value.
  • Khan (2012, 89) states: “If the reference is in parentheses, use square brackets for additional parentheses.”

Multiple Citations within the Same Parentheses

Separate different references with semicolons. The order of references is flexible and may be alphabetical, chronological, or based on the order of importance, depending on the author’s preference. When citing multiple works by the same author, do not repeat the author's name:

  • (Smith 2010, 2012; Khan 2012)
  • (Smith 2010, 2012, 84; Khan 2012, 54–60)
  • (Smith 2012a, 84, 95–102; 2012b, 82; Khan 2012, 9)
  • (Smith 2010, 12; 2012, 84; Khan 2012, 9)

Repeated Citations within the Same Paragraph

Place the parenthetical citation after the final reference in the paragraph or at the end of the paragraph before the concluding period. If the reference refers to a different page, however, provide the full citation at the first instance and include only the page number in subsequent mentions:

  • “Text” (Smith 2012, 54) . . . more text . . . “quoted text” (68).

Citations with Quotations

A source citation typically follows a quotation, but it may also be placed before the quotation to allow the date to appear alongside the author’s name:

  • As Smith (2012, 67) points out, “quoted text.”
  • As Smith points out, “quoted text” (2012, 67).

For block quotations (displayed quotations), the source appears in parentheses following the final punctuation mark:

  • . . . end of block quotation. (Smith 2012, 67)

Page Numbers or Other Locators

  • (Smith 2012, 6–10)
  • (Jones 2012, vol. 2)

Single Author

  • Smith (2012) or (Smith 2012)

Two Authors

  • Smith and Jones (2012) or (Smith and Jones 2012)

Three Authors

  • Smith, Jones, and Khan 2012 or (Smith, Jones, and Khan 2012)

Four or More Authors

  • Smith et al. (2012)
  • (Smith et al. 2012)

If the reference list contains two publications from the same year that would both be abbreviated to the same form (e.g., Smith et al. 2012), cite the surnames of the first author and as many subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and "et al." (Note: "et al." can only be used if it represents two or more additional authors). If this would result in more than three names being cited, provide the first author’s name followed by a short title:

  • (Smith et al., “Short Title,” 2012a)
  • (Smith et al., “Abbreviated Title,” 2012b)

Authors with the Same Surname

  • (G. Smith 2012)
  • (F. Smith 2008)

No Author

Cite the first few words of the title (using quotation marks or italics depending on the journal's style for that specific type of work), followed by the year. Alternatively, use the title of the newspaper or magazine in italics in place of an author’s name:

  • (China Daily 2013, 12)

Groups of Authors with Identical Abbreviated Forms

Cite the surnames of the first author and as many others as necessary to distinguish the references, followed by a comma and "et al."

Organization as Author

An organization may be listed by its abbreviation to ensure shorter in-text citations. In such cases, alphabetize the reference under the abbreviation in the reference list rather than the full name:

  • British Standards Institution (BSI)

In-text citation:

  • (BSI 2012)

In the reference list:

British Standards Institution (BSI). 2012. Title ... Author with two works in the same year: Append a, b, c after the year. (Chen 2011a, 2011b) (Chen 2011a) (Chen 2011b) Chen, Z. 2011a. The Economy of China. Chen, Z. 2011b. The Labor of Value.

Secondary sources: When it is not possible to consult an original document, cite the source of your information; do not cite the original assuming that the secondary source is correct. Smith’s diary (quoted in Khan 2012, 193)

Classical works: References to classical primary sources [2] are provided in the text rather than in the reference list.

Personal communications: References to personal communications are cited only in the text: A. Colleague (personal communication, April 12, 2011)

Unknown date: (Author, n.d.) (Author, forthcoming)

Two dates: List the original date first in square brackets, but use parentheses in the reference list: Smith ([1891] 1983) said . . . Smith, J., ed. (1890) 1983. Collected Style Manuals. Abingdon: Routledge.

Multivolume works: (Author 1951–1971)

Notes: Endnotes should be kept to a minimum. Any references cited in the notes must be included in the reference list.

Tables and figures: References cited in tables or figure legends must be included in the reference list. Source: Smith (2012, 197).

Reference list: Use the heading "References." Do not use a 3-em dash to replace author names.

Order: Entries should be arranged alphabetically by the last name of the author. If no author or editor is listed, order by title. Follow the Chicago Manual of Style's letter-by-letter system for alphabetization. Names with particles (e.g., de, von, van den) should be alphabetized according to the individual's personal preference if known, or by traditional usage.

A single-author entry precedes a multi-author entry that begins with the same name. Successive entries by two or more authors where only the first author is the same are alphabetized by the co-authors’ last names. If references have the same author(s) or editor(s), arrange them by year of publication, with undated works at the end.

If the reference list contains two or more items by the same author in the same year, add a, b, etc., and list them alphabetically by the title of the work: References Green, M. L. 1998a. Book Title. Location: Press. Green, M. L. 1998b. Title of Book. Location: Press.

Form of author name: Generally, use the author's name as it appears on the title page or at the head of an article. However, form should be made consistent within the reference list if it is known that an author has used two different forms (e.g., Mary Louise Green and M. L. Green) to facilitate correct identification.

Punctuation: Headline-style capitalization is used. In headline style, the first and last words of the title and subtitle, as well as all other major words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), are capitalized. For non-English titles, use sentence-style capitalization.

Books One author: Smith, John. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge. Smith, J. 2012. Book Title. Abingdon: Routledge.

Two authors: Smith, John, and Jane Jones. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge. (Smith and David 2012, 123) Smith, J. J., and D. Jones. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge.

Three authors: Smith, John, Jane Jones, and Mary Green. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge. (Smith, Jones, and Green 2012) Smith, J., J. Jones, and M. Green. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge.

Four to ten authors: List all authors' names. (Smith et al. 2012) Smith, D., J. Jones, M. Green, and L. Khan. 2012. Capital Studies. Abingdon: Routledge.

More than ten authors: List the first seven authors followed by "et al."

Organization as author: University of Chicago Press. 2012. The Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

No author: Begin the bibliography entry with the title, ignoring "the," "a," or "an" for the purposes of alphabetical order.

Chapters: Chapter in a single-author book: Green, M. 2012. “Chapter Title.” Chap. 5 in Style Manual, 341–346. Abingdon: Routledge.

Multi-author book chapter: Jones, S. 2012. “Chapter Title.” In Book Title, edited by J. Smith, 341–346. Abingdon: Routledge.

Edited works: Smith, J., ed. 2012. Collected Style Manuals. Abingdon: Routledge. Smith, J., and J. Jones, eds. 2012. Collected Style Manuals. Abingdon: Routledge.

Edition: University of Chicago Press. 2012. The Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Multivolume work: Green, M. L. 2012. Collected Correspondence. Vol. 2 of The Collected Correspondence of M. L. Green. Abingdon: Routledge, 2000–. Marx, K. 1994. Capital, vol. 1. [In Chinese.] Vol. 23 of Marx and Engels Collected Works, by K. Marx and F. Engels. Beijing: People's Press [3]. Wang, X. 1997. On Inequality. Vol. 1 of Political Economics in China, edited by E. Cheng. Beijing: Social Sciences Press [4]. Khan, L. 2009–2012. Collected Works. 2 vols. Abingdon: Routledge.

Translated works: Smith, John. 2012. Collected Style Manuals. Translated and edited by Jane Jones. Abingdon: Routledge. Smith, J. 2012. Collected Style Manuals. Translated and edited by J. Jones. Abingdon: Routledge.

Works not in English: Translated title in headline-style capitalization: Piaget, J., and B. Inhelder. 1951. La genèse de l’idée de hasard chez l’enfant [The Origin of the Idea of Chance in the Child]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Marx, K. 2009. Zi Ben Lun [Capital]. Beijing: People's Press. Marx, K. 2009. Capital. [In Chinese.] Beijing: People's Press. Wang, Z. 1997. “On Inequality.” [In Chinese.] Marxist Studies 4 (1): 19–56. Wang, Z. 1997. “Lun Bu Ping Deng” [On Inequality]. Marxist Studies 4 (1): 19–56.

In-text citations: Enfu Cheng (2011) argues in his article that Zhongguo Moshi (Chinese model) is influencing the world. Enfu Cheng (2011) argues in his article that the Chinese Model (Zhongguo Moshi in Chinese) is influencing the world.

Online sources: If you used an online version, cite the online version and include the URL or DOI: Smith, J. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge. doi:xxxxxxxxxxx. Smith, J. 2012. Book Title: The Subtitle. Abingdon: Routledge. Accessed March 4, 2013. http://xxxxxxxxx/.

Place of publication: Where two cities are given, include the first one only. If the city could be confused with another, add the abbreviation of the state, province, or country: Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Oxford: Clarendon Press New York: Macmillan Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press When the publisher’s name includes the state name, the abbreviation is not needed: Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press

Publisher: Omit initial “the”, and “Inc.”, “Ltd”, “Co.”, “Publishing Co.”, etc.

Journals: If you used an online version, cite the online version and include a DOI (preferably) or URL.

One author: Smith, John. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 30–40. (Smith 2012, 32) Smith, J. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 30–40.

Two authors: Smith, John, and Lisa Khan. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 200–210. Smith, J. J., and L. M. Khan. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 200–210.

Three authors: Smith, John, Jane Jones, and Mary Green. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 33–39. Smith, J. J., J. P. Jones, and M. G. Green. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 33–39.

Four to ten authors: Give all authors’ names.

More than ten authors: List the first seven authors followed by et al.

Translated articles: Lisa Khan. 2012. “Article Title in English.” [In Hindi.] Journal Title in Full 10 (3): 10–29. Lisa K. 2012. “Article Title in English.” [In Hindi.] Journal Title in Full, no. 3 (September): 125–129.

Articles not in English: Capitalize sentence-style, but according to the conventions of the relevant language.

Other article types: Smith, J. 2012. “Title of Book Review.” Review of Book Title

Author, Lisa Khan. Full Name of Journal 10 (1): 33–39.

Smith, J. 2012. Review of Title of Book by Lisa Khan. Full Name of Journal 10 (1): 33–39.

Issue numbers The issue number can be omitted if the journal is paginated consecutively through the volume (or if the month or season is included), but it is not incorrect to include it. When volume and issue number alone are used, the issue number is placed within parentheses. If only an issue number is used, it is not placed within parentheses: Journal Title, no. 25: 63–69. If using the month, abbreviate as Jan., Feb., etc. If using the season, spell out the word in full.

Conference Proceedings Individual contributions to conference proceedings are treated like chapters in multi-author books. If published in a journal, treat the contribution as an article.

Conference Paper Smith, J. 2012. “Title of Paper.” Paper presented at the annual meeting for the Society of XXXX, Oxford, November 21–24.

Thesis Smith, J. 2008. “Title of Thesis.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.

Unpublished work Book or journal article Use "Forthcoming" instead of the date. If an article has not yet been accepted, treat it as a thesis or working paper. (Smith, forthcoming) Smith, J. Forthcoming. “Title of Thesis.” Title of Journal. (Smith, n.d.) Smith, J. n.d. “Title of Thesis.” Oxford Library. Accessed June 3, 2010. http://www.ol.org/library/strategy.html.

Working Paper (Ferber 1971) Ferber, R. 1971. “Family Decision-Making.” Faculty working paper, no. 35, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Internet Website in notes:

  1. See, http://www. . . .

Document The reference format depends on the type of document. Access dates are not required unless no date of publication or revision can be found. If citing an undated online document, provide an access date: Oxford Library. 2012. “Library Strategy.” Oxford Library. Accessed June 3, 2018. http://www.ol.org/library/strategy.html.

Electronic mailing list In the text or in the notes (name of list, date of posting, URL).

Blog In the text or in the notes (name of list, date of posting, URL).

Multimedia Include the date the material was accessed if no original date can be determined. Include information about the original performance or source (e.g., for a speech or performance). Include an indication of the source type.

Newspaper or magazine Newspapers and magazines are cited in the text, and no entry is required in the bibliography: ... as noted in a Guardian article on February 27, 2012 ... However, if a bibliography entry is required, the name of the newspaper may stand in place of an unknown author. “quotation from newspaper” (Sunday Times 2012). (Sunday Times 2012) in the text Sunday Times. 2012. “On Capital.” Sunday Times, March 3.

Report Treat pamphlets, reports, brochures, and standalone publications such as exhibition catalogues as books. Provide sufficient information to identify the document.

Personal communication Letter, telephone conversation, or email Place references to personal communications, such as letters and conversations, within the running text rather than as formal end references: … as mentioned in a letter to me from Joe Grant, March 4, 2003 … Letters in published collections are cited by the date of the collection, with the dates of individual correspondence provided in the text: In a letter to Mary Louise Green from Cambridge, June 24, 2010 (Green 2012, 34), …

Other reference types Patent Green, Ann. 2000. Patent description. US Patent 12345, filed March 23.

Audio and visual media Bernstein, L., dir. Symphony no. 5, by D. Shostakovich. New York Philharmonic. CBS IM 35854. Auden, W. H. Poems. Read by the author. Spoken Arts 7137. Compact disc. Cleese, J., T. Gilliam, Eric Idle, T. Jones, and M. Palin. 2001. “Commentaries.” Disc 2. Monty Python and the Holy Grail, special ed. DVD. Directed by T. Gilliam and T. Jones. Culver City, CA: Columbia Tristar Home Entertainment.

Database Name of Database (details; accessed Month Day, Year). http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/.

Dataset Author. Year. Title of Dataset. Name of Repository. URL or DOI.

Wang, Guang-Yan, Zhao-Ming Zhu, Shan Cui, and Jin-Hui Wang. 2017. “Data from: Glucocorticoid Induces Incoordination between Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Amygdala” (dataset). Dryad Digital Repository. Accessed December 22, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k9q7h.

Wang, G.-Y., Z.-M. Zhu, S. Cui, and J.-H. Wang. 2017. “Data from: Glucocorticoid Induces Incoordination between Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Amygdala” (dataset). Dryad Digital Repository. Accessed December 22, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k9q7h.