Wu Mingyong and Hui Ruixin: Deeply Grasping the Worldview and Methodology of Xi Jinping's Economic Thought
Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the latest theoretical achievement in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. The "Six Musts" [1] constitute the standpoint, viewpoint, and method permeating this Thought, serving as the fundamental compliance [2] for guiding economic construction in the New Era. This body of thought summarizes the historic achievements and transformations in China’s economic development since the 18th CPC National Congress. It is a vital component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the latest theoretical achievement of political economy with Chinese characteristics, and a scientific guide for promoting high-quality development. The worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping’s economic thought were formed and developed under the guidance of the Marxist worldview and methodology; they encapsulate the general outlook and basic views of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core regarding China's economic development, reflecting the fundamental mode of thinking for conducting all economic work. It is undoubtedly of great significance to understand the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping’s economic thought through the lens of the "Six Musts."
I. We must put the people first, firmly uphold the fundamental value standpoint of "centered on the people," and move steadily toward common prosperity.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "Any theory that is divorced from the people will be pale and weak; any theory that does not benefit the people will be bereft of vitality." Entering the New Era, in deploying economic work, formulating economic policies, and promoting economic development, we must firmly adhere to the fundamental value standpoint of being "centered on the people." We must integrate the enhancement of the people's well-being and the fulfillment of their aspirations for a better life into every link of economic construction, continuously advancing the cause of common prosperity for all people.
(1) Development is for the people; we must persist in guaranteeing and improving livelihoods through development. Being centered on the people is the fundamental standpoint of Marxist political economy. Adhering to this principle represents the CPC’s continuation and inheritance of the people’s standpoint throughout its century of struggle. Its ultimate goal is to enhance well-being, promote the well-rounded development of individuals, and pursue common prosperity for all through development. In the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has proceeded from the "most immediate, direct, and practical interests of the people," applying sustained effort to the cause of guaranteeing and improving livelihoods. It has adopted a series of measures, such as targeted poverty alleviation [3], improving the quality of employment and income levels, and refining the healthcare, social security, and education systems. It has addressed the "urgent, difficult, and anxious" [4] problems facing the masses—such as employment, education, social security, medical care, and elderly care—resulting in a comprehensive improvement in people's lives and historic achievements in welfare undertakings. During a ten-year period, "decisive progress was made in the battle against poverty: over 60 million people were steadily lifted out of poverty, and the poverty incidence rate dropped from 10.2% to below 4%." Per capita disposable income rose from 16,500 yuan to 36,900 yuan, significantly broadening the scope of household spending. The scale of employment continued to expand, the industrial structure of employment was continuously optimized, and the employment rates for those with difficulties and college graduates remained stable, with over 13 million new urban jobs added annually on average. The world’s largest healthcare, social security, and education systems were established. "Basic medical insurance covers 1.36 billion people, and basic old-age insurance covers nearly 1 billion." The marked improvement in the universality and accessibility of medical and health services has reduced the medical burden on the masses and continuously extended average life expectancy.
(2) Development relies on the people; we must always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses. China’s leap from a starting point of "poverty and blankness" [5] to becoming the world's second-largest economy is fundamentally due to its steadfast adherence to the purpose of "everything for the people and everything relying on the people." China has practiced the work line of "from the masses, to the masses" [6], deeply integrating the mass line into every aspect of governance. Xi Jinping’s economic thought profoundly reflects a respect for the people's pioneering spirit, explicitly affirming their principal status and active role in economic construction. It is committed to stimulating their creative enthusiasm and innovative vitality, ensuring that the wisdom and strength of the people are fully utilized. Simultaneously, China has constructed a series of regulations and systems for governing for the people and relying on the people, providing a solid institutional guarantee for the masses to be masters of their own affairs in the political and social life of the country.
(3) Development fruits are shared by the people; we must solidly promote common prosperity for all. Marx and Engels profoundly revealed that under capitalist relations of production, the growth of wealth is often accompanied by the deepening exploitation of the laboring class; as social wealth accumulates, the poverty of the laborer silently intensifies. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics seeks to transcend this paradox. Its core value orientation lies in ensuring that the masses can equally enjoy the abundant fruits of social development. Marx and Engels envisioned that in a future society, "production will be aimed at the prosperity of all" and "everyone will jointly enjoy the welfare created by all." General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Development is for the people, relies on the people, and its fruits are shared by the people." In the process of promoting economic and social development, the interests of the people must always be put first. Specifically, the primary task in achieving shared development is to persist in taking economic construction as the center and vigorously developing the productive forces; "development is the basis and the key to solving all of China’s problems." Therefore, development must be regarded as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. By continuously promoting the enhancement of social productive forces and creating richer material wealth, we lay a solid material foundation for all people to share in the fruits of development and meet their growing needs for a better life. At the same time, institutional building plays a decisive role. "We must improve the systems and mechanisms for maintaining social fairness and justice and protect the people's rights to equal participation and equal development." Given the current problems in China’s development—such as unfair distribution, a widening income gap, and uneven public service levels between urban and rural areas—strengthening institutional construction is particularly important. Effective institutional arrangements can not only stimulate the initiative and creativity of the whole society to "make the cake bigger" but also ensure, through a reasonable distribution mechanism, that the "cake" is cut fairly and distributed reasonably, thereby truly realizing the sharing of development fruits by the people.
II. We must maintain self-confidence and self-reliance, firmly grasp the initiative for future development, and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
"In human history, no nation or country has ever achieved strength and rejuvenation by relying on external forces or following in the footsteps of others." In every historical period, our Party has proceeded from China's national conditions to explore and form a path of socialist economic construction suited to China's realities. This spirit of independent exploration is the basic prerequisite for our country to grasp the initiative for future development and the inevitable path toward achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
(1) Strengthen confidence in our system and unswervingly uphold the basic socialist economic system. The basic socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics not only demonstrates China's high degree of self-confidence in its choice of economic system but also competes and runs parallel with Western capitalist economic systems, increasingly showing its unique institutional advantages. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized: "Institutional advantage is a country's greatest advantage, and institutional competition is the most fundamental competition between countries." Upholding the subjectivity of the basic socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics is the only way to build a solid foundation for national development and stimulate social creativity. Specifically, regarding the ownership structure, we unswervingly maintain the dominant position of public ownership to ensure its control over the lifeblood of the national economy. Meanwhile, we actively foster a market environment for fair competition, encouraging, supporting, and guiding the healthy development of the non-public sector. This has formed a new pattern where various ownership sectors promote one another and develop together, greatly releasing social productive forces. Regarding distribution, we persist in and consolidate the system where distribution according to work is the mainstay while multiple modes of distribution coexist. We focus on both increasing efficiency and achieving fairness, gradually narrowing the income gap through policy measures to effectively stimulate the initiative and creativity of all people. In terms of economic mechanisms, we scientifically handle the relationship between the government and the market, letting the market play the decisive role in resource allocation while better exerting the role of the government. This ensures the effective operation of market mechanisms and scientific macro-control, promoting the optimized allocation of resources and sustained, healthy economic development.
(2) Persist in technological self-reliance and develop new quality productive forces to win strategic initiative. Under the dual pressures of current anti-globalization headwinds and a weak global economic recovery, China faces unprecedented challenges. With the deep implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, China's capacity for scientific and industrial innovation has significantly improved, narrowing the overall gap with developed countries. However, a large gap remains in many key technological fields compared to international advanced levels. In particular, to maintain its global hegemony, the United States has intensified its pressure and sanctions against China; its strategy has evolved from "technological blockades" in single key fields to "all-domain suppression" of core economic sectors—including basic resource industries and strategic emerging industries—and their associated industrial, supply, and value chains. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially original and disruptive innovation, accelerate high-level technological self-reliance, and win the battle for key core technologies so that original and disruptive innovations emerge in abundance, fostering new momentum for the development of new quality productive forces." Therefore, China must firmly grasp the "chokepoints" of the supply chain and the initiative for technological development. In the new stage of development, China feels a more urgent need than at any time in history to strengthen the revolutionary force of technological innovation. The continuous accumulation and original breakthroughs in technology will lay a solid technical foundation for the development of new quality productive forces. This will, through a systemic reshaping of the state of social productive forces, ensure that China occupies a proactive position in global competition, achieving the great goal of sustainable development and national rejuvenation.
III. We must uphold the fundamentals and break new ground, maintain the Party’s overall leadership over economic work, and enhance the internal driving force of economic development through innovation.
With economic construction as the Party's central work, strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over economic work is the basic prerequisite for ensuring China's economy develops in the right direction. Meanwhile, under the new situation of profound changes in the world, the country, and the Party, we need to use innovation-driven development as an engine to comprehensively enhance the internal driving force of the economy and shape new advantages for China's development.
(1) Uphold the right path and the Party’s overall leadership over economic work. Adhering to the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work is an inherent requirement of upholding Party leadership. As the leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Party's leadership in the economic sphere is the fundamental guarantee that the economy moves along the correct track. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The Party exercises overall leadership and coordinates all efforts. Since economic work is the central work, Party leadership must be fully reflected within it. By grasping the 'ox's nose' [7] of central work, other work can be better unfolded." Therefore, strengthening centralized leadership is not only to ensure the smooth progress of other tasks but also to fundamentally consolidate the Party’s core leadership in economic construction. To implement this, the Party Central Committee has adopted a series of pragmatic measures: optimizing the economic governance system and innovating governance methods to let the government play a better role while the market plays a decisive one; focusing on improving the professional, scientific, and law-based level of the Party’s leadership over the economy; and actively mobilizing all forces to form a powerful synergy. Under these measures, China’s economic development has achieved world-renowned results, including steady growth in total volume, continuous structural optimization, and a significant increase in innovation capacity.
(2) Open up new undertakings and enhance the internal driving force of economic development through innovation...
Innovation is the core engine promoting the forward development of a country, a nation, and even human society as a whole. Facing the surge of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, our country has adopted a series of strategic measures centered on innovation-driven development to reshape the new kinetic energy of economic development. First, the core position of innovation in the overall situation of modernization has been established. By increasing investment in basic research and focusing on enhancing original innovation capabilities, our country has achieved a historic leap from "following" to "running alongside" and even "leading" in several frontiers of science and technology, laying a solid foundation for building an innovative country and a global power in science and technology. Second, a "trinity" key support system for education, science and technology, and talent has been constructed. "Education, science and technology, and talent are the foundational and strategic supports for building a socialist modernized country in all respects." Education provides an inexhaustible source of knowledge and a reserve of talent for scientific and technological innovation; science and technology are the core drivers of industrial upgrading and economic transformation; and talent represents the creators and practitioners of all these endeavors. These three elements complement each other, jointly promoting the comprehensive improvement of our country's innovation capabilities. Under the guidance of the innovation-driven development strategy, the endogenous impetus of our country's economic development has been significantly enhanced, achieving remarkable results. On one hand, the improvement of innovation capabilities has directly driven the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure: emerging industries are flourishing, traditional industries have been revitalized, and the quality of economic growth has significantly improved. On the other hand, innovation has also enhanced international competitiveness, causing our country's position in global industrial and value chains to rise continuously, providing strong support for the construction of the new development pattern.
IV. We must persist in a problem-oriented approach, focusing on major issues in current economic development and resolving the "difficult and complicated maladies" as reform enters the period of arduous challenges and the "deep-water zone." [8]
"Chinese Communists engage in revolution, construction, and reform always for the purpose of solving China's practical problems." In the New Era, deep-seated contradictions in our country's economic and social development have become increasingly prominent. The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has persisted in a problem-oriented approach, focusing on major issues in economic development and deploying a series of new economic development strategies. These efforts aim to resolve the "difficult and complicated maladies" (疑难杂症) as reform enters the period of arduous challenges and the "deep-water zone," providing strategic support for enhancing our country's overall developmental advantages.
(1) Focusing on major issues in current economic development. Persisting in a problem-oriented approach first requires clarifying what the problems are. Currently, our country's economy has transitioned steadily from a high-speed growth track into the "new normal" of high-quality development. In this context, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has persisted in a problem-oriented approach, precisely focusing on major issues and prominent contradictions in current economic development. It has proposed a series of innovative development concepts, including supply-side structural reform to optimize the supply-demand structure; the coordinated regional development strategy aimed at narrowing regional development gaps; the rural revitalization strategy to promote integrated urban-rural development; the innovation-driven development strategy to stimulate new kinetic energy for economic growth; the strategy for harmonious coexistence between man and nature to lead green development models; and the "Belt and Road" Initiative to broaden the new pattern of opening up to the outside world. Through the implementation of this series of strategies, our country's economy has achieved significant results across multiple dimensions. The supply-demand structure is gradually trending toward balance, regional and urban-rural development gaps have narrowed, innovation has become the primary driver of economic growth, green development has become a consensus, the level of opening up has significantly improved, and the resilience and sustainability of economic development have been markedly enhanced.
(2) Resolving the "difficult and complicated maladies" as reform enters the period of arduous challenges and the "deep-water zone." General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "After more than thirty years, China's reform has entered the deep-water zone. It can be said that the easy reforms that make everyone happy have been completed. The tasty meat has been eaten, and what is left are the hard bones to chew." [9] A series of deep-seated "difficult and complicated maladies" has gradually emerged, becoming obstacles that restrict the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society. These hurdles include: lagging mindsets that hinder the emergence of innovative thinking; solidified interest patterns that limit the effective allocation and fair distribution of social resources; and rigid institutional mechanisms that affect the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure and the deep implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. At the level of ideas and mindsets, we must break through the shackles of old concepts and continue to emancipate the mind. This involves aligning mindsets with the developmental requirements of the New Era, and—based on the new domestic and international environments—seeking truth from facts to analyze new situations, new changes, and new conditions. We must think about and solve problems under the guidance of the new development philosophy, eradicate all forms of formalism and bureaucratism, and ensure the precise implementation and efficient execution of reform measures. At the level of solidified interests, we must break through the barriers of entrenched interests and regulate the exercise of public power. Through institutional optimization, we promote the fair distribution of educational resources and opportunities to eliminate the obstructions posed by vested interest groups to the reform process, thereby stimulating the massive potential of the social productive forces, mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of laborers, and injecting a continuous stream of vitality and momentum into economic and social development. Regarding the reform of institutional mechanisms, we must resolutely eliminate flaws in all aspects of institutional mechanisms and promote their innovative reform. Facing the urgent needs of innovation-driven and green development, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to confront deep-seated problems such as underdeveloped systems and imperfect mechanisms, "continuing to deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms in all fields and aspects." With the core goal of improving the quality and efficiency of economic development, we must promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure and achieve the sustainable development of economy and society.
V. We must persist in the systemic concept, improving the capacity for overall planning and coordinated advancement to promote economic development and achieve dynamic balance among multiple objectives.
The report to the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out: "All things are interconnected and interdependent. Only by observing things from the perspectives of universal connection, comprehensive systems, and developmental change can we grasp the laws of the development of things." In promoting economic work, we should emphasize strengthening the global, holistic, and synergistic nature of reform. We must continuously improve our capacity for overall planning and coordinated advancement, examining the challenges and opportunities facing economic development from a forward-looking perspective, planning for both the domestic and international situations with global thinking, and advancing economic construction with holistic strategies to achieve a dynamic balance among multiple objectives.
(1) Forward-looking thinking on the opportunities and challenges inherent in future development. Under the current background where deep globalization and the transformation and upgrading of the domestic economic structure are intertwined, the domestic and international development situations exhibit unprecedented complexity and volatility. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Entering the new stage of development, the profound changes in the domestic and international environment bring both a series of new opportunities and a series of new challenges. Crises and opportunities coexist; there are opportunities within crises, and crises can be transformed into opportunities." "The systemic concept is a foundational ideological and working method." Persisting in the systemic concept is the "golden key" to understanding complex things and solving complex problems. It requires that when planning and promoting work, we must focus on globality, holism, and synergy. Based on this, to grasp the opportunities and challenges inherent in future development, the primary task is to strengthen forward-looking thinking. This means we must deeply study domestic and international development trends, recognizing not only the pressures brought by challenges but also keenly capturing the opportunities contained within them. We must examine and judge the situation from a global height, using scientific foresight and sharp insight to discern the priorities of future development. Meanwhile, persisting in the systemic concept requires us to coordinately consider domestic and international factors, short-term and long-term goals, and local and overall interests, ensuring that various decisions and actions align with current realities while taking future developmental needs into account. In concrete practice, we should focus on enhancing our capacity for strategic thinking, historical thinking, and dialectical thinking, using a broader vision and deeper reflection to explore a path of high-quality economic development that fits China's national conditions and demonstrates Chinese wisdom. In short, visionary, forward-looking thinking is an inevitable requirement for us to grasp the future and lead the era.
(2) Global planning for the two overarching situations: domestic and international. "Those who do not plan for the whole are not sufficient to plan for a single part." [10] Facing the challenges of counter-currents in economic globalization and the profound adjustment of the international landscape, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the "Belt and Road" Initiative and the concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity, advocating for a global economic governance view characterized by equality, openness, cooperation, and shared benefits. At the domestic level, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that global planning must focus on the coordinated advancement of top-level design and strategic layout, requiring that "comrades of the Political Bureau must take the lead in strengthening the systemic concept... and be adept at coordinately advancing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four Comprehensives strategic layout." The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four Comprehensives strategic layout coordinate all aspects of national development from a strategic height, ensuring that the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics maintains steady progress in a complex and volatile domestic and international environment. Furthermore, we must firmly establish the idea of "the whole country as a single chessboard," fully stimulating the enthusiasm and creativity of the central government, local governments, and all parties. This encourages various regions to build upon their own developmental advantages, make up for shortfalls, and strengthen weak links, jointly promoting high-quality economic development. This organic unity of the global and the local not only reflects the flexible application of the systemic concept in state governance but also highlights the unique advantages of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
(3) Holistically advancing economic construction to achieve a dynamic balance among multiple objectives. Building a great modern socialist country in all respects requires a holistic understanding of the interconnectedness of all undertakings of the Party and the state. We must comprehensively grasp the synergy between various levels and links, balance the interests of all parties in the process of comprehensively deepening reform, and conduct systemic analysis of various tasks. By using key breakthroughs to drive holistic advancement, we can continuously promote new progress and breakthroughs in Chinese-path modernization. Based on the long-term development of the Party and the state, Xi Jinping’s economic thought has deployed a series of major strategies for economic construction. First, it involves holistically promoting economic construction to achieve dynamic balance among multiple objectives. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "On the basis of continuous economic development, we must coordinately promote political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction, as well as construction in all other aspects." This discourse profoundly reveals the internal connection between economic development and comprehensive social progress, requiring us to not only focus on the continuous growth of economic aggregates in practice but also to achieve a dynamic balance among multiple developmental goals, ensuring that economic construction proceeds in synergy with the political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization spheres. Under the strategic framework of "coordinated promotion," the interconnectedness and synergy of reforms in various fields have been placed at an unprecedented height, aiming to avoid one-sidedness and fragmentation in the reform process through holistic institutional design and policy arrangements, thereby maximizing the comprehensive benefits of reform. Second, using key breakthroughs as a starting point to drive a holistic leap in economic quality. Facing the complex and volatile contradictions and challenges in current economic and social development—especially the core problem of unbalanced and inadequate development—the Party has optimized economic governance methods based on systems theory. It persists in the unity of key breakthroughs and holistic advancement, "focusing on promoting the resolution of the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, keeping the big picture in mind, and aiming at the significant issues of seizing key points, making up for shortfalls, and strengthening weak links." By concentrating forces to solve the principal contradictions and the principal aspects of contradictions that restrict high-quality development, we can not only effectively alleviate the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development but also drive the gradual resolution of other related contradictions, forming a virtuous cycle of economic development. This strategy not only reflects a profound grasp of the laws of economic development but also provides solid theoretical support and a practical path for our country's economy to move toward the stage of high-quality development.
VI. We must persist in maintaining a global perspective, firming up an open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, and promoting the deep integration of the Chinese economy with world development.
The flourishing development of China's economy and society is inseparable from the extensive support and cooperation of the international community. While achieving significant accomplishments, China also upholds the principles of openness, inclusiveness, and mutual benefit, actively integrating its own development into the broader context of world development, injecting a continuous stream of vitality and momentum into the global economic system.
(1) Persisting in the fundamental national policy of opening up to the outside world and building an open economic power. Under the background of globalization, where the world market has formed and become increasingly closely linked, China—as the world's second-largest economy—finds that its fundamental national policy of opening up is not only an internal requirement for its own development but also the only path to integrate into the global economy and achieve common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized:
"...China's door to opening up will not close; it will only open wider!" This is not only a clear declaration of the policy of opening up to the outside world, but also an action guide for promoting the construction of a powerful, open economy in the New Era. To actively respond to the challenges of globalization, China has implemented a series of opening-up strategies, including the "Belt and Road" Initiative (BRI), Pilot Free Trade Zones (FTZs), and the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port. Among these, as a vital vehicle for China's opening up in the New Era, the BRI has promoted economic cooperation and cultural exchange among countries along its routes through five major areas—policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds [11]—driving common prosperity for regional economies. At the same time, the construction of China's Pilot FTZs and the Hainan Free Trade Port represents an important practice in exploring high-level opening up and promoting institutional opening up. These regions have carried out bold innovations in areas such as negative list management, foreign investment access, and financial liberalization, forming replicable and scalable experiences that provide new pathways for the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment for China and the world. The successful practice of the Pilot FTZs and Free Trade Port has not only enhanced China's discourse power and influence in global economic governance but has also contributed a "Chinese solution" to world economic development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: "China will improve the level of its open economy across a wider scope, in broader fields, and at a deeper level." Currently, China has become a major trading partner for more than 140 countries and regions. Its total trade in goods has ranked first in the world for many consecutive years, and its attraction of foreign investment and its outbound investment both rank among the top in the world, contributing more than 30% to the world economic growth rate. These achievements not only demonstrate the huge potential and broad prospects of China's opening up but also provide strong support for the stable growth of the world economy.
(2) Firmly Adhere to an Opening Strategy of Mutual Benefit and Win-Win Results, and Promote the Construction of an Open World Economy
In recent years, undercurrents of anti-globalization have been surging globally, and the world economy has been in a downturn. Coupled with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on world economic development, this has led to a sharp contraction in international trade and investment, bringing unprecedented challenges and trials to human production and life. However, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "...At present, economic globalization has encountered some twists and difficulties, but the trend of economic globalization is irreversible. It is the general trend that the interests of all countries are increasingly integrated and their fates are more closely linked, and it is the common expectation of people in all countries to continuously create a better life." This discourse is not only an accurate grasp of the characteristics of the era of economic globalization but also a firm guidance for the direction of reform in the global governance system. Facing the difficult problems of world economic development, "We will uphold the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, continue to play the role of a responsible major power, actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, and inject Chinese strength into the reform and optimization of global governance." Under this guidance, our country has unswervingly promoted the construction of an open world economy. By deepening supply-side structural reform, we have promoted domestic economic transformation and upgrading while simultaneously increasing the pace of opening up and actively participating in the reform of the global economic governance system, providing strong momentum for global economic growth. The "Belt and Road" Initiative has built a new platform for international cooperation based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, opening up new space for global economic cooperation and providing more opportunities for developing countries. Furthermore, our country actively participates in the construction of the global multilateral trading system, firmly maintains the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core, opposes unilateralism and protectionism, advocates for resolving trade disputes through dialogue and consultation, and strives to create a fair, just, and non-discriminatory international trade environment. China has taken the initiative to lower tariff levels, expand market access, and increase the import of goods and services, providing broad market opportunities for all countries in the world and interpreting the development concepts of openness, inclusiveness, mutual benefit, and win-win results through practical actions. Our country is practicing multilateralism with practical actions, promoting economic globalization toward a more open, inclusive, balanced, and win-win direction that benefits all, and contributing strength to the construction of a community with a shared future for humanity.
Source: Marxist Philosophy (《马克思主义哲学》) Issue 6, 2024 Online Editor: Jing Mu