Guo Yuewen, Zhang Zaoqun, Song Zonghong, Yang Jian, and He Manxiong: Striving to Write a New Chapter in Building the Pilot Demonstration Zone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are the earliest regions in our country to open up to the outside world; they serve as the most active areas for international economic exchange and the regions that best represent the image of reform and opening up. While attending the host handover ceremony of the 32nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, President Xi Jinping pointed out: "Shenzhen, situated on the Pacific coast, has developed from a backward small fishing village into a modern international metropolis in just a few decades. This is a miracle in the history of world development created by the Chinese people, and an important window through which China unswervingly pursues an opening-up strategy of mutual benefit and win-win results." He further announced that China will host the 33rd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, in November next year. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed a series of new ideas, viewpoints, and judgments regarding the construction of SEZs, many of which are included in the first and second volumes of On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform. For instance, "Special Economic Zones Must Grasp Their New Strategic Positioning" points out: "Special Economic Zones must remain true to their original aspiration and founding mission, find their new orientation within the Great Struggle, Great Project, Great Cause, and Great Dream [1], and grasp their new strategic positioning." Shenzhen is a brand-new city created by the Party and the people from scratch following the start of reform and opening up; it is a brilliant interpretation of socialism with Chinese characteristics performed upon a "blank sheet of paper." Since the New Era, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has endowed Shenzhen with the new historical mission of building a Chinese-path modernization pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, taking the pulse and setting the course for Shenzhen from a strategic and global height.
In his "Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone," General Secretary Xi Jinping noted: "Shenzhen must successfully build a Chinese-path modernization pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, create a municipal exemplar of a great modern socialist country, improve its capacity and level for implementing the new development philosophy, form a new pattern of comprehensively deepening reform and expanding opening up, advance the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, enrich the new practice of the 'One Country, Two Systems' cause, and take the lead in realizing socialist modernization." The General Secretary’s important speeches serve as programmatic documents guiding Shenzhen’s development in the New Era. Advancing steadily in the direction pointed out by General Secretary Xi Jinping, Shenzhen has held the banner of reform and opening up higher and more steadily, accumulating valuable experience for the comprehensive advancement of Chinese-path modernization through creative practices that respond to changes and break new ground.
General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Expositions Provide Scientific Guidance for Shenzhen’s Construction of the Chinese-Path Modernization Pilot Demonstration Zone for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
Adhering to the guidance of scientific theory is the invincible magic weapon of the Party and the state’s cause. In "Special Economic Zones Must Grasp Their New Strategic Positioning," General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the successful practice of SEZs "fully proves that the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy formed since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee [2] are entirely correct." In his "Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone," he noted: "The CPC Central Committee places high hopes on Shenzhen’s reform, opening up, and innovative development." Since the 18th National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has visited Shenzhen for inspections many times, clarifing the development direction for Shenzhen’s construction of a Chinese-path modernization pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, delivering a series of important speeches, and making a series of important instructions, providing a scientific guide and fundamental follow-through for Shenzhen’s construction and development in the New Era.
Defining a new historical mission to guide and orient Shenzhen’s development in the New Era. Playing the role of an important window and a driving demonstration for national reform, opening up, and socialist modernization is the glorious mission of SEZs in the New Era. Facing new situations, tasks, and challenges, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized "advancing reform and opening up from a higher starting point, pushing SEZ work to create a new situation, and making new and greater contributions to comprehensively building a modern socialist country and achieving the Second Centenary Goal [3]." He required Shenzhen to move toward building a Chinese-path modernization pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, creating a municipal exemplar of a great modern socialist country and taking the lead in realizing socialist modernization. This new historical mission focuses on the great undertaking of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and national rejuvenation. It profoundly clarifies that Shenzhen must, on the basis of continuing to promote reform and development, focus on resolving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, and continuously satisfy the people’s aspirations for a better life. It aims to better promote the comprehensive abundance of material things, the comprehensive development of people, and the comprehensive progress of society, continuing to push forward the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and elevate the new form of human civilization to a new realm. This has calibrated Shenzhen’s new coordinates within the overall layout of China’s reform, opening up, and modernization in the New Era, guiding Shenzhen to advance reform and opening up at a higher starting point, higher level, and with higher goals, taking the lead in exploring new paths for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, striving to create new and greater miracles that will impress the world, and making new contributions to fully demonstrating the institutional superiority and strong vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Making specific deployments closely around the theme of Chinese-path modernization to illuminate the path for Shenzhen’s pioneering practices. Chinese-path modernization is the only correct path for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. Advancing the building of a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization is the central task of the Party and the state on the new journey of the New Era. The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core attaches great importance to leveraging the pioneering exploration and demonstration-leading role of SEZs in the practice of Chinese-path modernization. It has promoted the issuance of a series of important documents such as the Opinions on Supporting Shenzhen in Building a Chinese-path Modernization Pilot Demonstration Zone for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, the Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Reform Pilot of Building a Chinese-path Modernization Pilot Demonstration Zone for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in Shenzhen (2020–2025), and the Opinions on Further Promoting the Comprehensive Reform Pilot in Shenzhen to Deepen Reform and Innovation and Expand Opening Up. It supports the construction of major opening-up platforms such as the Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone and the Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone. It has provided meticulous guidance for Shenzhen’s reform, opening up, and innovative development, integrating the essential requirements, major principles, and strategic deployments of Chinese-path modernization into the entire process and all aspects of building the Chinese-path modernization pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully reflecting a profound grasp of the laws governing Chinese-path modernization. This series of important deployments guides Shenzhen to focus closely on the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four Comprehensives, promoting historic achievements in economic, political, cultural, social, ecological, and Party building reforms and development, continuously advancing and expanding the practical paths of Chinese-path modernization, and striving to write a new chapter of municipal practice for Chinese-path modernization.
Adhering to the new development philosophy to command economic and social development, sketching a new pattern for Shenzhen’s high-quality development. The new development philosophy (innovation, coordination, green development, opening up, and sharing) plays a strategic, programmatic, and leading role in the process of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Implementing the new development philosophy completely, accurately, and comprehensively, accelerating the construction of a dual circulation development pattern, and promoting high-quality development are internal requirements for advancing Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has required Shenzhen to unswervingly implement the new development philosophy, insisting that development is the top priority, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary motive force, striving to achieve development that is of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and more secure. It requires Shenzhen to anchor itself to strategic goals: a highland for high-quality development, a demonstration city for the rule of law, a model of urban civilization, a benchmark for people’s well-being, and a pioneer of sustainable development. Shenzhen is expected to take the lead in building a modern economic system that reflects the requirements of high-quality development, creating a democratic and legal environment that manifests fairness and justice, shaping a modern urban civilization that demonstrates the prosperity of socialist culture, forming a livelihood development pattern of collaborative contribution, shared governance, and common prosperity, and building a model of a Beautiful China where humanity and nature coexist in harmony. This series of important deployments and requirements systematically grasps the core essence of building a modern "people's city," clarifying the development ideas, directions, and focus points for Shenzhen in the New Era. They guide Shenzhen to lead the development of new quality productive forces through innovative development, to write the "answer sheet of the times" regarding "the first to prosper leading those who follow" [4] through coordinated development, to comprehensively advance the construction of a Beautiful China model through green development, to polish the "two important windows" [5] more brightly through open development, and to build a city of happiness and well-being through shared development, thereby more firmly pursuing the path of Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development.
Focusing on key areas and crucial links to provide an action guide for enhancing Shenzhen’s development momentum. Emphasizing key areas and promoting the transition of reform from local exploration and "ice-breaking" breakthroughs to systematic integration and comprehensive deepening is an important experience in the steady advancement of China’s reform and opening up. Entering the New Era, Shenzhen is at a critical juncture for transforming its development mode, optimizing its economic structure, shifting its growth drivers, and enhancing governance efficiency. The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has laid out plans with forward-looking strategic vision, highlighting systematicity, wholeness, and synergy. It supports Shenzhen in implementing comprehensive reform pilots, taking the lead in testing key areas such as improving the market-based allocation of factors of production and optimizing a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment. It requires Shenzhen to take proactive actions, deeply advance the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, accelerate institutional opening up involving rules, regulations, management, and standards, and take the lead in building a new system for a higher-level open economy. It requires Shenzhen to unswervingly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and build a highland for science, technology, and industrial innovation with global influence. It has creatively proposed the concept of "full-cycle management," requiring Shenzhen to accelerate the modernization of its urban governance system and capacity, striving to find a new path of governance that conforms to the characteristics and laws of megacities. These important deployments fully reflect a systematic dialectical view that combines top-level design with practical exploration and systematic advancement with local breakthroughs. They provide an action guide for Shenzhen to further consolidate and enhance its development advantages and solve development problems, guiding Shenzhen to accurately recognize changes, scientifically respond to changes, and actively seek changes, while persevering as an important window, experimental platform, pioneer, and man of action for reform and opening up, creating more "Shenzhen experiences," "Shenzhen models," and "Shenzhen benchmarks" that are strategic, pioneering, and leading.
Important Achievements in Shenzhen’s Construction of the Chinese-Path Modernization Pilot Demonstration Zone for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Since the New Era
In his "Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone," General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The vast number of cadres and masses in Shenzhen have hacked through thorns and brambles and worked hard in silence, completing in forty years the journey that took some international metropolises abroad over a hundred years." Since the New Era, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, Shenzhen has held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, striven to advance the construction of the Chinese-path modernization pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, and opened up new realms of municipal exploration and practice for Chinese-path modernization.
Making every effort to strengthen the innovation engine, with new quality productive forces accelerating their development. Chinese-path modernization must be supported by the modernization of science and technology; achieving high-quality development depends on scientific and technological innovation to cultivate new driving forces. Since the 18th National Congress, Shenzhen has always adhered to the philosophy that innovation is the primary motive force, unswervingly implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, and built an innovation system with enterprises as the mainstay, market-oriented, and deeply integrating industry, academia, and research. It has focused on building a center for industrial and technological innovation with significant global influence. It has continuously increased the intensity of innovation investment, vigorously promoted the construction of sources for original innovation, and cultivated and strengthened strategic scientific and technological forces. It has continuously reinforced the position of enterprises as the main subjects of innovation, resulting in the emergence of a large number of world-class innovative enterprises such as Huawei, DJI, and BYD. It has promoted the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, forming a modern industrial system with strategic emerging industry clusters as the mainstay and future industries as supplements. In 2024, Shenzhen’s total social R&D investment reached 223.661 billion yuan, accounting for 6.46% of GDP; enterprise R&D investment accounted for 93.3% of total social R&D investment, ranking first in the country. Under the guidance and support of innovation, Shenzhen’s economic development has achieved a new leap, with per capita GDP increasing from 123,200 yuan in 2012 to 205,700 yuan in 2024. Shenzhen has forged the "gene of innovation" into the city’s lifeblood, creating the "Shenzhen speed" of rapidly transforming ideas into products and promoting rapid iterative innovation, successfully forging a path of mutual reinforcement where science and technology empower industry, and industry feeds back into innovation.
Deeply implementing the comprehensive reform pilot, with the momentum for high-quality development fully activated. To comprehensively advance Chinese-path modernization with high-quality development, we must comprehensively deepen reform, continuously liberating and developing social productive forces and liberating and enhancing social vitality. Shenzhen has firmly grasped the opportunity of implementing comprehensive reform pilots, focusing on solving practical problems encountered in high-quality development. By adhering to the organic combination of top-level design and grassroots exploration, Shenzhen has planned and launched a series of creative and leading reform measures, creating...
More than 60 "national firsts" have been achieved, and 48 innovative measures and typical experiences have been promoted nationwide. The city has continuously deepened the reform of market-based allocation of production factors, persistently optimized a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment, and taken the lead in establishing a personal bankruptcy system and relaxing market access for new business forms. It has also pushed forward pilot reforms such as the evaluation of scientific and technological personnel and the identification of high-end, top-tier, and urgently needed foreign talent. Shenzhen has always upheld the spirit of reform, leading breakthroughs through ideological "ice-breaking" and resolving development bottlenecks through institutional innovation. This has fully stimulated the creative vitality of the entire society and the endogenous momentum for high-quality development, driving the leapfrog growth of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ).
By comprehensively expanding high-level opening up, the function of the city as a strategic hub for dual circulation has been continuously strengthened. Opening up is a distinct hallmark of Chinese-path modernization; it runs through the entire process of its development, cultivating a solid material foundation and opening vast developmental space. Shenzhen focuses on constructing a new system for a higher-level open economy, promoting opening up across a wider range of areas and at a deeper level. It enhances its capacity to smooth the domestic cycle and link the domestic and international dual circulation, creating new advantages in international cooperation and competition.
In 2024, the total value of foreign trade imports and exports reached 4.5 trillion RMB, ranking first among all Chinese cities, with exports leading the nation for 32 consecutive years. High-level cooperation and opening up with Hong Kong and Macau have been continuously deepened, significantly enhancing market integration within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area [6]. Institutional opening up has been comprehensively advanced, relying on major strategic platforms such as Qianhai and Hetao to create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment aligned with international standards. Shenzhen has deeply participated in the high-quality cultivation of the Belt and Road Initiative, launching pilot programs for high-level opening up in cross-border trade and investment. The cumulative import and export volume with Belt and Road partner countries has surpassed 10 trillion RMB. Shenzhen has always "stood at the crest of the tide" [7], remaining at the forefront of opening up. Driven by the steady expansion of institutional opening up, it facilitates multi-level and multi-field international exchanges and cooperation. By serving as a base, platform, channel, and hub for domestic and international dual circulation, it has become a center for the allocation of high-end factors such as global capital, technology, data, and talent.
Innovation drives the modernization of urban governance, and a new chapter has been opened in the construction of a "People's City." The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is a vital component of Chinese-path modernization, providing it with powerful momentum and institutional safeguards. Shenzhen has deeply implemented the concept of the People's City, actively exploring local practices to deepen whole-process people's democracy. It has innovated urban governance tools, models, and philosophies to create a model for the modern governance of a megacity. The city continues to optimize layouts, strengthen functions, expand space, and improve quality, applying "embroidery-style" precision [8] to utilize and manage every inch of space. It has advanced the "Seas, Mountains, and Connected Cities — Green and Beautiful Shenzhen" ecological project, making clear water, blue skies, green spaces, and lush mountains the city’s most beautiful backdrop. It has strengthened the construction of "urban lifeline" engineering to improve safety and resilience. The city is building a high-quality cultural powerhouse, striving for excellence in civilizational progress, the creation of fine artistic works, public cultural services, and the establishment of cultural brand systems. It has also refined systems for smart cities and digital government, allowing citizens to enjoy a new "smart life." By innovating the path of grassroots governance led by Party building, the city has fully activated the "nerve endings" of grassroots Party organizations. Shenzhen is building a modern People's City that is innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart—optimizing city structures, shifting growth drivers, improving quality, transitioning to green energy, continuing its cultural lineage, and increasing governance efficiency—effectively carving out a new path for megacity governance with Shenzhen characteristics.
Anchored in the people’s aspiration for a better life, Shenzhen has taken the lead in forging a new path toward common prosperity. Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and a major feature of Chinese-path modernization. Shenzhen responds to the people’s new expectations for a better life by handling "people-benefit practicalities" with heart and soul. It insists on providing education that satisfies the people, optimizing the supply of educational resources. It continues to promote the expansion and balanced regional distribution of high-quality medical resources, refining the operational mechanisms of an integrated medical service system. The city has perfected the "market plus guarantee" housing supply system, focused on services for the elderly and the young by building community-embedded service facilities, and incorporated flexible employees and those in new forms of employment into the social security system. Shenzhen better exerts its role as a "core engine" in the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and its radiation-driven effect within the "national chess game" [9], exemplifying the solemn commitment that "those who get rich first help others get rich later."
Experiences and Lessons from Shenzhen’s Construction of a Pilot Demonstration Area of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his "Speech at the 40th Anniversary Celebration of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone" that "the road traveled by Shenzhen and other SEZs has not been easy at any step; every step has required arduous effort," and he summarized the valuable experience of the "Ten Musts." The profound changes in Shenzhen are a magnificent microcosm of the historic transformations and achievements China has realized since the beginning of reform and opening up, and particularly in the New Era. The valuable experience accumulated by Shenzhen through practical innovation offers important insights for comprehensively advancing the construction of Chinese-path modernization.
First, uphold the Party’s overall leadership to provide a strong political guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest strength of the system. Shenzhen has deeply implemented the general requirements for Party building in the New Era, using high-quality Party building to lead and guarantee the high-quality development of the SEZ. It has always kept in mind the CPC Central Committee’s strategic intention for founding the SEZs and resolutely implemented the strategic deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Central Committee. With strong strategic resolve, Shenzhen has "managed its own affairs well," ensuring that the construction of the Pilot Demonstration Area and the comprehensive reform pilots always move steadily in the right direction. It combines the strengthening of Party leadership with respect for the people’s pioneering spirit, fully stimulating the creative power of all types of subjects. Practice has proved that upholding the Party's leadership is the key to the success of the SEZs and is the "stabilizing needle" [10] for Shenzhen to overcome all difficulties and challenges. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, we must uphold the Party's overall leadership and broadly consolidate the majestic power of unity and struggle.
Second, persist in using reform and opening up as a vital "magic weapon" to inject powerful momentum into Chinese-path modernization. Reform and opening up are the "root" and "soul" of Shenzhen. Faced with complex and severe situations, seeking momentum from reform and vitality from opening up is the inevitable choice to stimulate endogenous developmental power. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Shenzhen has persisted in liberating the mind, upholding the fundamentals and breaking new ground. It has deeply implemented comprehensive reform pilots, striving to break through "bottleneck periods" and "deep-water zones" [11]. It has formed a batch of replicable and promotable landmark institutional achievements in key areas such as market-based factor allocation and business environment construction, playing an important leading and exemplary role in the country’s further comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up. Shenzhen’s successful practice fully proves that reform and opening up is the "magic weapon" for the Party and the people to catch up with the times in great strides. On the new journey, we must use this weapon well, refine the system, expand high-level opening up, and persistently remove systemic and mechanistic obstacles to add power and vitality to economic and social development.
Third, persist in innovation-driven development to provide a powerful engine for Chinese-path modernization. Innovation is in the city's DNA and is the surging power driving economic structural transformation and high-quality development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Shenzhen has adapted to the trends of the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, deeply implemented the New Development Philosophy, accelerated the development of new quality productive forces, and focused on promoting high-quality development. It has pushed forward comprehensive innovation with technological innovation at its core, creating a "whole-process innovation ecological chain" consisting of "basic research + technological breakthroughs + commercialization of achievements + technology finance + talent support." It strives to create a favorable atmosphere that encourages innovation and tolerates failure, shaping a series of high-quality development engines represented by artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles, and the low-altitude economy. By relying on high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, it has moved from "running alongside" to "leading the race." Shenzhen’s success proves that insisting on innovation to lead the development of new quality productive forces is the strategic choice to gain new competitive advantages and take the initiative in development.
Fourth, persist in constructing a high-level socialist market economy system to provide an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. Developing a market economy under socialist conditions, correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, and forming an economic order that is both "dynamic without chaos" and "managed without stagnation" is an important experience in economic work. Shenzhen adheres to the reform direction of the socialist market economy, actively promoting the organic combination of an "effective market" and a "promising government." On one hand, it continuously improves basic market economy systems such as fair competition, property rights protection, and credit supervision, allowing various entities sufficient space for development. On the other hand, it promotes the efficient and standardized exercise of power by the government within its statutory duties, creating a world-class business environment and providing "attentive service" that "never disturbs unless invited, but responds to every request." The government and the market move forward hand-in-hand, contributing SEZ experience to the construction of a high-level socialist market economy.
Fifth, persist in the people-centered philosophy of development to provide the value orientation for Chinese-path modernization. The people are the greatest source of confidence for the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and they are the main force driving reform and development. Shenzhen's development miracle is the result of the concerted efforts and hard work of the vast number of cadres and the masses under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee. Since the New Era, Shenzhen has deeply practiced the people-centered philosophy of development, striving to build a law-based, innovative, clean, and service-oriented government that satisfies the people. It has built a benchmark city for "livelihood happiness" characterized by co-construction, co-governance, shared benefits, and common prosperity. Practice has proved that translating the achievements of the SEZ into tangible well-being for the people is the fundamental way to keep the SEZ's vitality and creativity alive.
Sixth, persist in coordinating development and security to provide a solid security guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. Security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee of security; the two are inseparable and mutually reinforcing. With the political consciousness and sense of mission of a pilot demonstration area, Shenzhen has coordinated these two major issues. It has deeply implemented the Overall State Security Outlook, actively explored new models for safety governance in megacities, and effectively prevented and defused various security risks. It has constructed a "Greater Security" (大安全) work pattern where the Party committee coordinates the whole, departments fulfill their respective duties, and vertical and horizontal levels are closely linked. It persists in reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, exploring practical paths to maintain technological and industrial security. By deeply practicing the "Fengqiao Experience" [12] in the New Era, it strengthens technological support and governance drivers to maintain social stability. Shenzhen's successful practice proves that properly handling the relationship between development and security is the fundamental measure for long-term stability. On the new journey, we must realize the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, using a "New Security Pattern" to safeguard the "New Development Pattern" [13], providing a solid security guarantee for the steady and long-term progress of Chinese-path modernization.
(The authors are from the Guangdong Center for the Study of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.)
Source: People’s Daily, November 04, 2025