Research on the Spatial Patterns of Ecological Civilization in the New Era

Taking the reshaping of spatial patterns as a focal point to resolve modern ecological challenges aims to transcend the ecological predicament of capitalist spatial production and promote the formation of a new pattern of modernization characterized by the harmonious development of humanity and nature. Looking back at history, the Marxist view of ecology contains forward-looking reflections on the question of space, providing a scientific worldview and methodology for constructing a spatial pattern for ecological civilization in the New Era. Since the 18th National Congress ^[1], the Communists of China have explicitly identified the optimization of the spatial pattern of national territory as a vital task for promoting ecological civilization construction, putting forward the general requirement of striving to form a spatial pattern for resource conservation and environmental protection. Constructing a spatial pattern for ecological civilization in the New Era emphasizes a comprehensive examination of the symbiotic structure and cross-functioning mechanisms of the "social-economic-natural complex ecosystem," as well as a holistic balancing of the fundamental elements, key links, subjective reliance, and practical themes of spatial patterns. Surveying the current status and trends in the development and utilization of national spatial patterns, a comprehensive transformation must be carried out at the conceptual, technological, and institutional levels, exerting every effort to create a spatial pattern where production space is intensive and efficient, living space is livable and moderate, and ecological space possesses clear waters and lush mountains.

About the Author Liu Yan, born in 1981, holds a PhD and is an Associate Research Fellow at the Institute of Marxism Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). Her primary research focus is on Marxism and ecological civilization. She currently leads one General Project of the National Social Science Fund of China, has completed one project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Second Class), one educational science planning project in Jiangxi Province, and has participated in numerous national and provincial-level research projects. She has published over 20 academic papers in journals such as Marxism & Reality, Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC, Foreign Theoretical Trends, Theoretical Horizon, Guizhou Social Sciences, Yunnan Social Sciences, Hubei Social Sciences, and Qinghai Social Sciences.

Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: The Practical Focus of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era I. Spatial Patterns: The Carrier Form for the Realization of Ecological Civilization Strategy (1) Spatial Concepts and Methods Embedded in Ecological Civilization Construction (2) The Discursive Emergence of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (3) The Inevitable Logic of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era II. The Emergence Process of the Strategy for Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Early Explorations of Green Undertakings and the Germination of Spatial Patterns (2) Environmental Protection and the Elemental Exploration of Spatial Patterns (3) Sustainable Development and the Unbalanced Development of Spatial Patterns (4) The Scientific Outlook on Development ^[2] and the General Strategy for Promoting Coordinated Development of Spatial Patterns (5) Ecological Civilization and the Systematic Deployment of Spatial Patterns III. The Grave Situation Facing the Construction of a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) The Present State of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (2) Practical Challenges in Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (3) Developmental Cruxes in Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era

Chapter 2: The Theoretical Foundations of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era I. The Developmental Thread of the Theory of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization (1) Theoretical Explorations by Marx and Engels on the Spatial Dimension of Ecological Issues (2) Theoretical Explorations by Soviet Marxists on the Spatial Dimension of Ecological Issues (3) Theoretical Explorations by Neo-Marxists on the Spatial Dimension of Ecological Issues (4) Theoretical Explorations by the Communists of China on the Spatial Dimension of Ecological Issues II. The Main Content of the Theory of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization (1) Thoughts on the Forms of Existence of Spatial Patterns (2) Thoughts on the Constitutive Mechanisms of Spatial Patterns (3) Thoughts on the Path of Construction for Spatial Patterns III. Essential Characteristics of the Theory of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization (1) The Holism of the Theory of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization (2) The Openness of the Theory of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization (3) The Practicality of the Theory of Spatial Patterns for Ecological Civilization

Chapter 3: Historical Reflections on Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era I. Spatial Patterns in Pre-Capitalist Societies (1) The Evolution of Spatial Patterns in Pre-Capitalist Societies (2) Spontaneous Manifestations of Spatial Patterns in Pre-Capitalist Societies (3) Spontaneous Consequences of Spatial Patterns in Pre-Capitalist Societies II. Spatial Patterns in Capitalist Society (1) The Evolution of Spatial Patterns in Capitalist Society (2) Manifestations of Alienation in the Spatial Patterns of Capitalist Society (3) Consequences of Alienation in the Spatial Patterns of Capitalist Society III. An Investigation of the Times regarding the Construction of a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Positional Stages in Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (2) The Temporal Texture of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (3) The Practical Orientation of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era IV. Spatial Patterns in Communist Society (1) Generative Conditions for Spatial Patterns in Communist Society (2) Conscious Characteristics of Spatial Patterns in Communist Society (3) Vision and Prospect for Spatial Patterns in Communist Society

Chapter 4: The Systematic Construction of a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era I. Basic Links in Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) The Blueprinting of Spatial Planning (2) The Collaborative Advancement of Spatial Governance (3) The Systematic Optimization of Spatial Structure II. Basic Elements of Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Evaluative Criteria for Reshaping Spatial Patterns (2) Basic Principles for Reshaping Spatial Patterns (3) Thinking and Methods for Reshaping Spatial Patterns (4) Strategic Fulcrums for Reshaping Spatial Patterns (5) The Beautiful Vision for Reshaping Spatial Patterns III. The Subjective Reliance for Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) The People’s Needs for a Better Life as a Powerful Impetus (2) Harmony Between Humanity and Nature as a Value Aspiration (3) Comprehensive Participation as the Source of Strength IV. Practical Themes in Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Fully Implementing the Major Function Zone Strategy ^[3] to Promote Ecological Civilization Construction (2) Reconstructing the System of Natural Protected Areas to Promote Ecological Civilization Construction (3) Optimizing Regional Development Patterns to Promote Ecological Civilization Construction (4) Coordinating Urban-Rural Development Patterns to Promote Ecological Civilization Construction (5) Optimizing Marine Spatial Development Patterns to Promote Ecological Civilization Construction

Chapter 5: The Functional Structure and Target Mechanisms of the Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era I. Functional Perspectives on the Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization (1) Functional Composition and Developmental Thread of the Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization (2) Functional Mechanisms of the Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization (3) Important Principles for Improving the Functional Structure of the Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization II. Promoting Intensive and Efficient Production Space (1) Basic Definitions of Production Space (2) Strategic Goals for Promoting Intensive and Efficient Production Space (3) Strategic Significance of Promoting Intensive and Efficient Production Space III. Promoting Livable and Moderate Living Space (1) Basic Definitions of Living Space (2) Strategic Goals for Promoting Livable and Moderate Living Space (3) Strategic Significance of Promoting Livable and Moderate Living Space IV. Promoting Ecological Space with Clear Waters and Lush Mountains (1) Basic Definitions of Ecological Space (2) Strategic Goals for Promoting Ecological Space with Clear Waters and Lush Mountains (3) Strategic Significance of Promoting Ecological Space with Clear Waters and Lush Mountains

Chapter 6: Optimization Choices for the Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era I. Conceptual Choices for Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Developmental Direction of Ecological Civilization Concepts (2) Developmental Principles of Ecological Civilization Concepts (3) Constructing a System of Ecological Civilization Concepts II. Technological Paths for Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Developmental Direction of Green Technology (2) Developmental Principles of Green Technology (3) Constructing a System of Green Technology III. Institutional Choices for Constructing a Spatial Pattern for Ecological Civilization in the New Era (1) Developmental Direction of Ecological Civilization Institutions (2) Developmental Principles of Ecological Civilization Institutions (3) Constructing a System of Ecological Civilization Institutions