Hao Lixin: Chinese Modernization and the Promotion of Well-rounded Human Development

Chinese-path modernization and the all-around development of the person possess an inherent and essential connection. The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out that Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of coordination between material and cultural-ethical civilizations, and is a modernization that unifies the comprehensive enrichment of things with the all-around development of people. In its essence, Chinese-path modernization requires the realization of high-quality development, the enrichment of the people's spiritual world, the realization of common prosperity for all people, and the promotion of harmony between humanity and nature. These important theses closely link modernization with human development, profoundly revealing the relations between humanity and nature, humanity and society, the human and the material world, and the human and the spiritual world, as well as the relations between individuals, nations, and the human world. They embody the overall value objectives of Chinese-path modernization, thereby enriching and developing Marxist theory regarding modernization and the all-around development of the person. When examining the relationship between Chinese-path modernization and the all-around development of the person, we need to consider and answer the following questions: How should we understand the Marxist methodology for examining the issues of modernization and human development? How should we understand the connotations of the two propositions "the all-around development of the person" and "the modernization of the person" within the context of Chinese-path modernization? How should we understand the realistic path for promoting the all-around development of the person during the process of Chinese-path modernization? This article attempts to explore the aforementioned questions.

I. Promoting the All-around Development of the Person is the Fundamental Value Objective of Chinese-path Modernization

The essential characteristics and requirements of Chinese-path modernization inherently include the promotion of comprehensive social progress and the all-around development of the person. However, not all forms of modernization necessarily take the promotion of comprehensive social progress and all-around human development as their value objective. Modernization began with capitalism and was a product of the capitalist Industrial Revolution. Viewed from a global perspective and through the historical process, modernization is a complex process full of contradictions. When the modernization movement combined with the capitalist system reached a certain stage, following the victory of socialist revolutions and the commencement of socialist construction, a modernization movement combined with the socialist system began to emerge in socialist countries. Compared to capitalist modernization, socialist modernization is a "late-developing" modernization. Chinese-path modernization is linked to socialism with Chinese characteristics; it upholds the Marxist concepts of comprehensive social progress and the all-around development of the person, embodying a positive and healthy pursuit of values and ideal goals. The profit-seeking nature of the capitalist mode of production and the blindness of the market economy determine that a modernization decided or controlled by the logic of capital ^[1] finds it difficult to realize comprehensive social progress and the all-around development of the person. Modernization is inextricably linked to human development. From the very start of the modernization movement, the issue of human development has continuously presented itself in various ways. For the founders of Marxism, social development was always linked to human development, and human development was always linked to a certain stage of social development, social system, or social formation. Under socialist conditions, social progress is consistent with the all-around development of the person. On the one hand, the comprehensive progress of society is the foundation for the all-around development of the person; on the other hand, while the all-around development of the person constitutes the content of comprehensive social progress, it also becomes the subjective force driving that progress. Marxism emphasizes that promoting the all-around development of the person is the goal of development in a socialist society. The comprehensive progress of socialist society is consistent with the all-around development of the person; insofar as social progress and human development possess an inherent unity, comprehensive social progress includes the all-around development of the person.

Why do we say that promoting the all-around development of the person is the fundamental value objective of Chinese-path modernization? We can understand this from three aspects.

1. The Scientific Interpretation of the Essence of Socialist Society by the Founders of Marxism

Realizing the free and all-around development of the person is the essential requirement and fundamental value objective of socialist and communist society. This is a basic principle of Marxism, particularly scientific socialism. In the works of the founders of Marxism, the thought regarding human development, including all-around development, mainly includes the following content:

First, understanding human development from the essential definition of the human being. Human development is closely linked to the question of human essence. Marx's revelation of the human essence is reflected in two famous judgments: first, in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, he proposed that the species-essence ^[2] of man is free, conscious activity, namely labor; second, in the Theses on Feuerbach, he proposed that the essence of man is, in its reality, the ensemble of social relations. Marx understood human development from labor and its real conditions of existence, and from the socio-historical development of humanity, advocating that human development and social development are mutually linked and mutually constraining. On the basis of revealing the alienation of labor or the alienation of the human essence under capitalist conditions, he called for the realization of the "complete appropriation" of one's own essence in the future society, achieving the free and all-around development of the person. The social and historical nature of the human essence determines the social and historical nature of human development. Man, "as a total man," should "appropriate his total essence" in a "total manner." 1

Second, the all-around development of the person is the overcoming of one-sided development. Only by eliminating alienation and the old style of the division of labor can humans achieve all-around development. Human development is a historical process, limited by certain historical conditions. Viewed from the developmental process of social relations, in the pre-capitalist stage, human development was built upon "relations of personal dependence" ^[3]; people were constrained by the developmental level of productive forces and by ties of blood, patriarchal relations, hierarchical relations, and relations of personal attachment. Man existed in a state of extreme lack of freedom and non-development. In the stage of capitalist society, due to the development of the capitalist mode of production—particularly the commodity economy—people broke free from "relations of personal dependence" and turned toward a basis of "objective dependence" (namely, relations of commodity exchange), while falling under the influence of commodity fetishism. Compared to feudal society, people obtained a certain degree of new freedom and development, such as the ability to freely sell labor power in the market; however, under the "rule of objective relations," one-sided and deformed development still existed. Only when people break free from or transcend both "personal dependence" and "objective dependence" can they reach free and all-around development. The all-around development of the person is the highest stage and ideal state of human development, which can only be truly realized in a socialist society, that is, an "association of free individuals." The all-around development of the person includes two aspects: first, the development of the abilities, qualities, thinking, and morality of individuals and groups—embodied as the comprehensive development of the moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor ^[4] faculties; second, the development of the social relations, social interactions, and social living conditions of individuals and groups. "Only when the real, individual man re-absorbs in himself the abstract citizen... and as an individual has become a species-being ^[5]... only then will human emancipation have been accomplished." 1

Third, realizing the free and all-around development of the person is the fundamental characteristic that distinguishes socialist and communist society from capitalist society. "In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." 2 Only within the community of the future society "has each individual the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; hence personal freedom becomes possible only within the community." 1 The future new society is "a higher form of society, a society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle." 3 In the future socialist society, "by means of socialized production... it is possible to secure for every member of society... an existence not only fully sufficient materially, and becoming day by day more full, but an existence guaranteeing to all the free development and exercise of their physical and mental faculties." 4

2. The Active Exploration of Chinese-path Modernization by Chinese Communists

On the basis of long-term exploration and practice since the founding of New China—and particularly since the beginning of Reform and Opening-up—and through theoretical and practical innovations and breakthroughs since the 18th National Congress, our Party has successfully advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization. The theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics was formed and developed through the process of combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with China’s fine traditional culture. At the same time, the question of what the goals and path of Chinese-path modernization are became a major task of the times for Chinese communists to actively explore and answer, especially during the new period of Reform and Opening-up and socialist modernization. Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development provided "seek truth from facts" and scientific answers to the goals and paths of Chinese-path modernization in different historical periods.

During the period of revolution and construction, Chinese communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, combined the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with China's specific realities, created Mao Zedong Thought, won the victory of the New Democratic Revolution, changed China's status as a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and established New China. Immediately following this, they completed the socialist revolution, established the socialist system, and proposed the strategic goal of the "Four Modernizations," providing valuable experience, theoretical preparation, and the material foundation for pioneering socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period.

At the beginning of Reform and Opening-up, Deng Xiaoping proceeded from China's national conditions to propose "Chinese-style modernization." He borrowed the concepts of xiaokang ^[6] and xiaokang zhijia (moderately prosperous household) from traditional Chinese culture and closely linked them to "Chinese-style modernization," integrating the fundamental interests of the masses with the developmental goals of modernization, and subsequently proposed the goal of building a xiaokang society. A xiaokang society includes content regarding the economy, politics, culture, education, employment, and the people's spiritual outlook, fully embodying the concept and requirements of comprehensive development. It includes not only indicators for economic development and people's livelihoods but also all-around social development indicators for culture, education, science and technology, and national defense. At the same time, he proposed the strategy moving from "quadrupling the GDP" to the "Three-Step Strategy." Deng Xiaoping’s view of "grasping with both hands, and both hands must be firm" (regarding material and cultural-ethical civilizations), as well as his view on cultivating "four-haves" new people, both contained the thought of promoting the all-around development of the person.

As Reform and Opening-up and modernization progressed, the issue of the all-around development of the person was more explicitly put forward. In his speech at the meeting celebrating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, Jiang Zemin emphasized that in all undertakings of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, "we must focus on the people's actual material and cultural needs, while simultaneously focusing on promoting the improvement of the people's quality—that is, we must strive to promote the all-around development of the person. This is the essential requirement of Marxism regarding the construction of a new socialist society. We must continuously advance the all-around development of the person on the basis of developing the material and cultural-ethical civilizations of socialist society." 5 He also emphasized that advancing all-around human development and advancing social development are mutually prerequisite and foundational. On the one hand, the more people develop in an all-around way, the more social, material, and cultural wealth they will create, and the more they can improve the people's lives; on the other hand, the more sufficient the society's material and cultural conditions, the more they can advance the all-around development of the person. On May 28, 2002, in his speech at the conference of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, he explicitly proposed "realizing the coordinated development of material and cultural-ethical civilizations, and realizing the all-around development of the person in socialist society." 6

Under the Scientific Outlook on Development, which insists on people-centered, comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development, the thought of the all-around development of the person was further advanced. Persisting in being people-centered means taking the all-around development of the person as the fundamental goal of economic and social development, avoiding the use of economic indicators or GDP as the sole or fundamental goal of development. It means planning development based on the fundamental interests of the masses and promoting comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development. The development of the fundamental interests of the masses is the core of economic and social development, while comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development provides the foundation and guarantee for realizing those interests. "Economic development, political development, cultural development, and the all-around development of the person are interconnected and mutually influential. Without the continuous advancement of political, cultural, and human development, and by pursuing economic development alone, economic development will be difficult to sustain and will ultimately fail to progress." 7 We must "coordinate urban and rural development, coordinate regional development, coordinate economic and social development, coordinate the harmonious development of man and nature, and coordinate domestic development and opening-up to the outside world; promote the coordinated development of socialist material, political, and cultural-ethical civilizations; and promote the all-around development of the person." 7

3. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era’s profound revelation of the basic characteristics and essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. During the formation and development of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and through the practice of targeted poverty alleviation and the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society, the idea of the well-rounded development of the individual has been further advanced. Several key concepts consistently embody and manifest the goal of well-rounded development: adhering to the position of the supremacy of the people and the people-centered philosophy of development; adhering to the New Development Philosophy characterized by innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development; adhering to the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan" and the "Four Comprehensives" ^[7] strategic layout; and continuously meeting the people's needs for a better life. At the 2021 Central Economic Work Conference, Xi Jinping linked well-rounded development with common prosperity, identifying them as "major theoretical and practical issues in China's development." He pointed out: "Under our country's socialist system, we must both continuously liberate and develop the productive forces, creating and accumulating social wealth, while also preventing polarization and effectively promoting more obvious substantive progress in the well-rounded development of the individual and common prosperity for all people." ^[14] The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC provided a comprehensive exposition of the basic characteristics and essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, again emphasizing its people-centered and socialist nature, explicitly proposing the promotion of the well-rounded development of the individual as a basic characteristic and a key aspect of its essential requirements.

II. The practice and theory of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era have expanded and enriched the idea of the well-rounded development of the individual

The understanding of the relationship between modernization and the well-rounded development of the individual has deepened through the practice and theoretical development of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era. This is prominently reflected in the proposition that "the essence of modernization is the modernization of [the] people," as well as in the formulation of important judgments regarding Chinese-path modernization and its basic characteristics and essential requirements.

1. Promoting the well-rounded development of the individual is the concrete unfolding and manifestation of the supremacy of the people and the people-centered philosophy of development

The issue of human development is not abstract; it is linked to a specific social system. In the process of Western modernization, human development has always been a massive conundrum. A society dominated by the logic of capital is antithetical to a society centered on the people and aimed at the well-rounded development of the individual. Allen W. Wood, Professor Emeritus at Stanford University and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, disclosed in his book The Free Development of Each that "Western capitalist society, and especially the American society in which I live, is a society characterized by massive inequality." 15 He notes: "We live in a world of extreme imbalances in wealth, power, resources, and life prospects. In many ways, American society today is more unequal than the capitalist order Karl Marx addressed and opposed in his revolutionary protests in the mid-19th century... The United States is the most unequal of all developed nations, but its inequality with poorer nations is even greater. The trend toward increasing inequality began in the 1970s; it is still accelerating, with no end in sight." 15 This conclusion is supported by a set of data: since 1980, the income of the wealthiest 1% in the United States has increased by 275%, while the standard wage of average workers, after adjusting for inflation, has increased by only 1.23 dollars. In 2009–2010, as the U.S. recovered from the financial crisis, 93% of income growth was captured by the top 1%. 15

Unlike Western modernization, Chinese-path modernization is based on the value principles of equality and freedom, promoting the well-rounded development of the individual through social progress and the realization of common prosperity. During his tenure in Zhejiang, Xi Jinping pointed out: "Social development and social progress centered on the well-rounded development of the individual are the ultimate goals of economic development," 16 and "Economic development takes social development as its purpose, social development takes human development as its destination, and human development takes spiritual and cultural [well-being] as its core." 16 Since the 18th National Congress, Xi Jinping has spoken frequently about common prosperity and the well-rounded development of the individual. While presiding over the first collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee, he pointed out that by persisting on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and comprehensively advancing economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction, we will "gradually realize common prosperity for all people and promote the well-rounded development of the individual." 17 In his speech at the 28th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee, he noted: "The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed adhering to the people-centered philosophy of development, taking the enhancement of people's well-being, the promotion of the well-rounded development of the individual, and steady progress toward common prosperity as the starting point and end point of economic development." 18 The report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC pointed out that changes in the principal contradiction ^[8] in Chinese society have placed many new requirements on the work of the Party and the state. On the basis of continuing to promote development, we must focus on resolving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, and better meet the people's ever-growing needs for a better life to "better promote the well-rounded development of the individual and all-around social progress." 19 From these statements, we can see that the people's well-being and common prosperity are the important foundations and core components of the well-rounded development of the individual. This development should be a process in which the fundamental interests of the people are continuously met or realized. This is a fundamental difference between Chinese-path modernization and Western modernization. The ideas of the founders of Marxism regarding the well-rounded development of the individual have acquired new content through their integration with the reality of Chinese-path modernization.

2. Promoting the well-rounded development of the individual is essentially consistent with realizing the modernization of people within the process of Chinese-path modernization

Addressing the one-sided perception and practice of "seeing things but not people" in the modernization process, Xi Jinping put forward the important judgment that "the essence of modernization is the modernization of people" at the 2013 Central Urbanization Work Conference. 20 This judgment profoundly reveals the essential connection between Chinese-path modernization and the modernization of people, as well as the rich connotations of the latter.

The process of urbanization is a key component of the transformation from a traditional industrial society to a modern industrial society, and the urbanization rate is an important indicator of modernization. In 2000, China's urbanization rate was only 36.09%; in 2002, the urbanization rate reported in the sixth national census was 49.68%; in 2013, it was 53.73%; and in 2021, it reached 64.72%. ^[21] In contrast, the urbanization rate in developed countries in Europe and America is approximately 80%. Promoting the "citizenization" of the migrant agricultural population ^[9] and solving human-centered issues are key to advancing China's new-type urbanization. Only when the quality ^[10] of the peasantry is further improved, the urban-rural gap is further narrowed, and the urban-rural dual structure ^[11] is further dismantled, can the problem of the modernization of people be substantively resolved. Although Xi Jinping's judgment that "the essence of modernization is the modernization of people" was raised in the context of urbanization work, it contains rich implications and serves as an important guide for understanding the relationship between social modernization and the modernization of people.

The concept of "modernization of people" was originally proposed by Western scholars, and its connotations remain limited. Alex Inkeles, a sociology professor at Stanford University, argued in his work The Modernization of Man ^[12] that if people do not undergo a modernization transition in terms of psychology, thought, attitudes, and behavior, then such modernization is incomplete. He also used factors related to people, such as demographic composition, education levels, and life expectancy, as an indicator system for modernization. 22 While these views possess some degree of rationality and heuristic value, he ignored the factors of social systems in human development, the historical differences in the modernization processes of different nations or states, and the rich connotations of the well-rounded development of the individual.

Based on the basic principles of Marxism and Xi Jinping's important expositions on the well-rounded development of the individual, the judgment that "the essence of modernization is the modernization of people" contains three rich meanings. First, the person is the subject of modernization. Modernization reflects the development process of a country's modern civilization. Within this, the person is the decisive and creative force, the most active element. The historical process of modernization is nothing more than the activity of specific social subjects pursuing their own ends. The "person" or "subject" referred to here is, fundamentally, the masses of the people ^[13]; the masses are the subjects of history and the subjects who drive the modernization process. Second, the person is the purpose of modernization. Marx pointed out that the human being was originally the purpose of production, yet in the capitalist world, "production appears as the aim of mankind and wealth as the aim of production." 23 Chinese-path modernization takes the fundamental interests of the masses and the well-rounded development of the individual as its aim, which is determined by the socialist system. As Engels said: "Our aim is to build a socialist system which will provide all with healthy and useful work, provide all with an ample material life and leisure time, and provide all with real, full liberty." 24 Third, the judgment that the essence of modernization is the modernization of people indicates that Chinese-path modernization is a modernization for the people and by the people. This is determined by the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The purpose of advancing Chinese-path modernization is to create and realize a better life for the people. In short, in the process of socialist modernization, the modernization of people is fundamentally consistent with the realization of the well-rounded development of the individual.

3. Promoting the well-rounded development of the individual is gradually realized within the overall process of Chinese-path modernization

The summary of the basic characteristics and essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC inherently includes the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological conditions upon which well-rounded development depends, as well as the realistic path for achieving it. "The fully developed individual... is not a product of nature but a product of history." 23 Even in a socialist society, realizing the well-rounded development of the individual is a process that requires the constant creation of conditions for gradual realization. In the process of advancing material, political, spiritual, social, and ecological civilizations, the well-rounded development of the individual is gradually achieved.

The well-rounded development of the individual must be realized step-by-step through the process of all people achieving common prosperity. Common prosperity reflects both the improvement of the people's standard of living and the realization of their rights to fairness and justice; it encapsulates the strong yearning of all people for a better life under socialist conditions. The common prosperity referred to here includes both material and spiritual common prosperity, as well as equality and sharing of social rights. The realization of common prosperity is a long-term process, which determines that the true realization of the well-rounded development of the individual is also a long-term process.

The well-rounded development of the individual is realized in the coordinated development of material and spiritual civilizations, and in the unity of material abundance and spiritual wealth. Achieving high-quality development and creating comprehensive material abundance is the material prerequisite for the well-rounded development of the individual. This development must possess certain social conditions, such as a specific level of productive forces. "The universality of the individual is not an imagined or thought-of universality, but the universality of his real and ideal relations... But to achieve this, the full development of the productive forces must first become a condition of production; it must not be that certain conditions of production appear as limits to the development of the productive forces." 23 "People win freedom for themselves each time to the extent that is determined and permitted not by their ideals of man, but by the existing productive forces." 25 Therefore, we must regard development as the Party's top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country, and regard the promotion of high-quality development as our current primary task. Material poverty is not socialism, nor is spiritual vacuity. Enriching the people's spiritual world, creating more and better spiritual products, cultivating and practicing the Core Socialist Values, and raising the level of social civility are both the spiritual components of promoting well-rounded development and the necessary spiritual conditions for its realization.

The well-rounded development of the individual is realized through the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature ^[14]. People's lives and work require excellent natural conditions and ecological environments. Humanity and nature constitute a community of life; man is a part of nature, and the natural world is the foundation of human existence, serving as man's "inorganic body." The process of modernization has enhanced the ability of humanity to transform nature, yet it has also brought about tension or disharmony between humanity and the natural world. This requires people to respect nature, treat nature with kindness, live in harmony with nature, and persist in following the path of ecological civilization development.

The well-rounded development of the individual is realized within world peace and tranquility. On the foundation of the development of productive forces and the formation of universal global social interaction, and as the process of national history transforming into world history intensifies, people are gradually transforming from regional beings into global beings. As the links between China and the world become increasingly close, the development of the individual is not only closely linked to the development of the nation and the state, but also intimately related to the development of the world. Only on the basis of upholding the common values of all humanity and building a community with a shared future for humanity can the development of the individual obtain a favorable global environment or international conditions.

In real life, promoting the well-rounded development of the individual is by no means an empty slogan. We are still in the primary stage of socialism ^[15], and there are still areas in need of improvement regarding the enhancement of laborers' living and working conditions to promote well-rounded development. In his critique of the deprivation of individual free time under the capitalist system, Marx pointed out incisively: "Time is the room of human development. A man who has no free time to dispose of, whose whole lifetime, apart from the mere physical interruptions by sleep, meals, and so forth, is absorbed by his labor for the capitalist, is less than a beast of burden. He is a mere machine for producing Foreign Wealth, broken in body and brutalized in mind." Under socialist conditions, we should and must be able to provide laborers with the time and space for free development.

To promote the well-rounded development of the individual, we must attach high importance to education. Education is the most important channel for directly improving human ability, quality, and ideological morality; it is therefore the most important channel for elevating the level of civilization of the whole society. We must overcome the defect in education that neglects education in productive labor. Marx stated in Capital: "From the Factory system budded, as Robert Owen has shown us in detail, the germ of the education of the future, an education that will, in the case of every child over a given age, combine productive labour with instruction and gymnastics, not only as one of the methods of adding to the efficiency of production, but as the only method of producing fully developed human beings." In his speech at the 2018 National Education Conference, Xi Jinping pointed out that "the builders and successors of socialism must develop in a well-rounded way," and noted that efforts must be made in six areas: namely, in strengthening ideals and convictions, in cultivating patriotic sentiments, in strengthening moral character, in increasing knowledge and insight, in cultivating a spirit of struggle, and in enhancing comprehensive quality. He emphasized the need to strengthen and improve the relatively weak links such as physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education, and to strive to construct an educational system for the well-rounded cultivation of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics, and labor, thereby forming a higher-level system for talent cultivation. These expositions have pointed the way forward for how we should cultivate young students and enable them to develop in a well-rounded manner.

In summary, advancing Chinese-path modernization and promoting the well-rounded development of the individual are dialectically unified. Chinese-path modernization takes the promotion of the individual’s well-rounded development as its value objective, and in turn creates or provides the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological foundations or conditions for that development. Individual well-rounded development, for its part, provides the subjective force and talent support for driving the process of Chinese-path modernization. The dialectical unity of Chinese-path modernization and the well-rounded development of the individual reflects and promotes each other in both theory and practice, advancing in coordination. This provides a new choice for the people of all countries to realize modernization and free, well-rounded development, and provides more and better Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength for solving the common problems facing humanity.